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Is this really that neccesary to get a PE/teaching degree? Kines is a bit over the top in my opinion, here's my notes for ONE lecture, yeah you probably
won't understand my writing, that's OK. I don't really either.
Lecture Notes- Kines-neurobasis of human motion---
Central Nervous System- Brain, Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Afferent (System) goes to CNS
Afferent tells CNS whats going on, efferent does what it needs to do, effector organs
Efferent away from CNS
-Somatic Nervous System (CNS  skeletal muscles)
-Autonomic Nervous System ( CNS  heart muscle, smooth muscle)
3 basic functions of heart and nervous system:
Excitability- receptor has been activated, stimulated to the point of action
Conduction- once receptor is stimulated signals are conveyed to or away from the CNS
REFLEX ARC- ?
Neurons-
Sensory to the CNS- afferent comes in interacts connector neuron, sends out an action to the body
Receptors to the CNS, to the spinal cord—dendrites conveying information to the cell body to soma, peripheral nerve conveys info to that region, to the axon.
Motor-efferent away from CNS
Connector-enuncial? Found specifically in the spinal cord. Serve as a link between sensory and motor
Dendrites- direct neurological signal/impulses toward the cell body, pick up sensory info and conveys it to soma, cell body of cell, once is receives info it sends it
out the axon- signal proceeds away from dendrite to the axon.
Axon- core structure, may or may not have myolin sheath, depending on location, where central or peripheral in nature, myolin shealth is an insulatory covering of
that nerve fiber. Like the plastic coating on a copper wire. If a nerve fiber has a myolin coating/sheath it is termed a medulated fiber. If it does not have a myolin
sheath- its termed NON-medulated fiber. Like a jelly roll (myolin sheath is outside)
MEDULATED FIBER?
Myolin Sheath- mostly protein, and medulated fat, fatty material to add an insulated coating.
Each one of these units- is called a SCHWANN CELL?
Node of Ranvier- gaps in the …allows signal or impulses from point to point, which increases conduction velocity, the process in which a signal jumps from point to
point is termed ___something___ conduction.
Nodes like Fast twitch fibels- signal to it as quick as possible so it gets contraction fast, gets from point A to B as quick as possible. Signals in place to help that—
do it quickly, effectively and faster.
Saltatory? Conduction- is what is above
Terminal Branch- (synaptic vesicles, nerve transmitters) Nerve fiber is close proximity to the muscle tissue, fingerlike projections (goal: motor neurons  cns to
affector organ like a muscle or gland, perpetuate a response if the signal is strong enough.
Brain-
Cerebrum- cerebral cortex (cortex outer covering) JUDGEMENT
Sensory, Motor, Pre/Motor- sensory area focuses on interpretation of information coming to the brain, so that you can initiate the appropriate action.
Motor- deals with development-fine motor movement, learns motor skills, hands, feet, toes, lips, etc. to facilitate appropriate activity. Progression and skill
development
Pre-Motor-progression of skill development, primary motor center, start to learn skill motor movement, primary motor unit- progression in motor development.
Baby Learning to Walk --> progress to solid movement
Cerebral (cerebrum?) -judgment (walking down sidewalk, carefully look at ground)
Thalamus- rerun center, relay system. efferent/afferent fibers coming in
impulses coming in conveyed to central cortex; determine degree of alertness, how well you sleep, how to relax level of consciousness, etc. taking in and trying to
regulate all efferent/afferent material.
analogy: train station- move turnstop- train keeps going but moves to a different track.
ALL THIS IS REFLEX ARC:
Cerebellum- refinement of movement/movement patterns, blow to the back of the head- you lose refinement of movement, your uncordinated for a while.
Brain Stem- Area of Inhibition, Pons, Medulla, regulate body temperture, respitory patterns, involintary control, holding your breath-you start again.
Spinal Cord- Transmits signals to the brain, [sensory/motor] information relayed to and from the brain, part of the CNS.
Spinal Nerve- come in from a lateral perspective; subsection of entire nervous system, vetebral column, dens, opening is vetebral foramen, spinal cord in encased
in foramen (opening hole), between vetebre/gaps- inteveterbral foramen, out of that comes out Spinal Nerve, come out laterally-left and right sides/both sides of
body.
Spinal nerve bifercates-splits into 2 structures, fibers run both posterior and anterior, dorsal (posterior)- take both sensory (afferent) and motor, goes in
posteriorally-sensory. (EnterAuncial) Connector Neuron link between sensory
anteriorally/front/ventral- motor (efferent)
-Cable Line: Kind of like your spinal nerve,(fiber optics) bifercates/splits-spina, sensory and motor both coming out, tracks of information.
Spinal Nerve --> goes to specifically the skeletal muscle fibers/tissue are part of the ALPHA MOTOR SYSTEM (60% of motor/40% sensory) body has more
sensory, fibers that are sensory to a 3-1 ratio. sensory has to relay information to get appropriate response out. Example of alpha motor system: biceps brachi,
tricep brachi
GAMMA MOTOR SYSTEM- directly linked to receptors, like muscle spindles that help judge responses to stimulations.
synapse: junction between nerve, or a nerve/nerve, muscle, neuromusclar junction/myonueral junction - ?research?
no union between nerve/tissue-its a gap called a synaptic cleft, no physical contact, always unidrectional- only goes one way (like going down to Atlanta, one way
roads)
Glycolosis: Biodirectional, produce stuff and then synathsise it, produce Acetyl Coa- everything from that point is unidirectional. Once you got dentrite, soma, its
only going one way.
Terminal Branches of Nerve Fiber- Mitochondria, Synaptic Vesicles, Transmitters, if your not using an area you may lose sensativity to the chemical stimulus, its
like drinking coffee- if you are used to drinking coffee your not going to get the buzz, threshold is higher. If your using the muscle, neuromusclar system- if you use
it regularly chemically its going to stay at a higher state of rediness to be called upon, muscle tissue requires neuromuscular activation.
Conduction velocity- increases with a decrease number in synapes, and decreases with a higher number of synapses, inverse relationship.
Variety of nerve cells- no physical connection gap between nerve cells (somas, axons), chemical action stimilates this, chemical boom, chemical boom, every
synapse you have requires a stimulation of tissue, the more synapses you have the slower the process is going to take (from point A-B) like going through a town
with a bunch of traffic lights.Reflex receptors touch on later, very few synapses.
Action Potentials- happens neurologically, chemically, positive or negative, exhitatory or inhibatory- after you sit down a while, it hurts, lots of inpulses coming in,
Know where muscles lie
Know relationship between muscles  joints
Slow twitch- endurance, more slow twitch in posture groups (keep you sitting up)
Fast twitch- quick movements
-focus in on action, what the muscles do. Type of joint, muscles line of pull in relationship to the joint/structure.
Body is not robotic, its fluid-dynamic.
What is difference between appendicular and axial?
QUIZ 4- Exclusively shoulder joint and shoulder girdle
Foundational base
SHOULDER SJ/SG Pectoral Based Region- Bones make up [SG Clavicle, scapula] [SJ- Humerus Based Action] Shoulder Girdle: Clavicle, Scapula Joints Associated: Junction between clavicle/sternum (xiphod process, menuvrum) *Main Joint: Sternoclavicular Joint – sole connection between upper extremity and axial Skelton Sole connection from axial to appendicular system is the STERNOCLAVICULAR JOINT. Other Joint of concern is AC JOINT (Acromioclavicular) Coricoid Process, Ribs over scapula, acromium 2 Principle Joints of SG Region- Sternoclavicular (sole connection) and AC Joint. Shoulder Joint itself is GLENOHUMERAL JOINT. Most joints are named based on name of body structure, you know humerus- the depression is glenoid cavity/glenoid fossa. GLENOHUMERAL- you can identify most joints bone name/structure. When im talking shoulder joint-humerus/scapular Shoulder Girdle-clavicle and particularly scapula based action Sterno-Clavicular Joint 5 movements Scapular Based Action 8 movements Shoulder Joint 13 movements (26 movements in those areas) Shoulder Joint- Glenohumeral joint ball and socket, degrees of freedom = 3, DOF- strength number of planes Glenoid Fossa/Glenoid Cavity – Head of humerus comes in like this… Glen Hum Joint- Has hyaline cartildge, hyaline cartilage is weakest cartilage and most abundant, there to protect joints/bony structures, also have distinctive area of fibero cartilidge, white fibrocartidge that lines the structure, called the glenoid labrum, its kind of like a cornpad- encompassing this region- depth of fossa? Shallow. Ball and socket joint (shoulder-most susceptible to dislocation) very shallow socket, not deep susceptible to dislocation, to secure head of bony structure (humerus or femur) like the lip of a big frying pan- white fiber cartridge, it is very strong. Without that susceptible to dislocation, without supportive structure (tendons, muscles-provide greatest prohibitive element with injury) don’t build it up- football player gets tackled. Lands on elbow, elbow accepts force to humerus, head of humerus absorbs force, protrudes that way towards anterior/superior, tears up laberal based region. 2 Specific functions for glenoid labrum 1-deepens fossa. Creates a stable situation, so its more likely to help itself adds more stability. 2-cushions against impact forces, general characteristic of all cartilaginous material, cartilage is there to help absorb impact forces. Ligamentous Support- *Corocoid Humeral unit of lig material that comes from corocoid process or medial portion of head of humerus structure: Corocoid Process, Acromial Based Unit, Glen Fossa Cavity *Coroco acromial ligament- corocoid to acromium, doesnt directly attach to humerus, aids in the stability of structure. from the standpoint of rotorcuff muscles (major rototator cuff muscle-superspinatus goes right underneath this structure) glenohumeral, corocohumeral, corocoacromial labrum adds support structurally and more stability for impact forces, ligaments hold head of humerus in. -corocohumeral, corocacromial, glenohumeral (important) -ball and socket, encased in a capsule (diathrosis joints) Rotator Cuff Muscles: S.I.T.S (Superspinatus, Infraspiatus (posterior), Teres-Minor(posterior), Subscapularies(ant/sup)) Super means: ABOVE, superspinatus is superior Scapula has (4) fossas: glenoid fossa, superspinus fossa, subscapular fossa (aneriorally), infraspinus fossa (posteriorally) muscles line those regions, superiorly-super, infra-postirior, superspinus-anteriorally LOOKING AT JOINTS-STRUCURE: GLENOID FOSSA, LIGAMENT, laberal material, muscle support (this is structural understand. of the joint) MOVEMENTS: 13 MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDER JOINT- FROM VARIETY DIFF PLANES ACTIONS FLEX/EXT WORK: SAGITAL ADDUCTION FRONTAL, TRANSERVE WORK: ROTATION, rotary-HORIZONT AB (exten)/AD (flexion), OBLIQUE (diag plane mvmnts) MOVEMENTS HYPER MEANS- FULL RANGE OF MOTION. Ball and socket joints: original dyathrosis joints- these are the basic movements produces in a ball and socket j flex/ext/adduction/abduction/circum/rotation – now looking at it in a more specific manner. Arm pushing at a wall- bring humerus up- flexion, bring it back-extension (extreme ROM hyperflexion/hyperextension) Frontal plane-movement toward midline of body adduction/abduction Circumduction- cone shaped movement, extension/abduction/flexion/adduction (sequential based movement) Ad/ab what you would see with a peck deck- arms up, bringing it across, watch the forearm, arm coming across staying horizontal/transverse pulled forward-horz aduction/flexion back-horz abduction/extension. Barbell- hands shoulder w apart- movement at shoulder joint-flexion, down-extension at shoulder joint- barbell out further toward the bar out-horizontal aduction/flexion. Change role of muscle, change role of muscle prod. Diagonal movements- throwing, cocking phase, diagonal abduction, excel phase-across body-diagonal aduction Rotation- arm from anatomical perspective, arm totally straight then do this-inward/medial rotation, or outward/lateral rotation, bend at elbow bring arm inward-inward/medial, out-outward/lateral, upward out like this- inward medial, cocking phase-outward/lateral. Change limb in space and still replicate a movement. Illustration- like a bench press- if you cant identify what name of movement is with movements you observe, how can you match it up with the muscle and what its doing, identify matchup movement, name of movement, and muscle that produces that movement. Compartmentalize it, systemize it, compartmentilization – see it a lot in all of the joint, 80 percent of the material. Shoulder joint- 4 compartments (look at anterior/superior, posterior/inferior) Typically- sheets will break down muscles and compartiments, Anterior compartments- 3 movements associated- flexion, adduction, inward rotation Anterior muscles- in general pectoralis most prevalent, anterior muscles of chest-pull forward-flexion, midline-addiction, inward rotation. POSTERIOR: extension/outward rotation. Infraspinatus/teres minor (associated with rotator cuff muscles) Posterior means back of scapula, coming across attaching to humerus, post to shoul joint, contract- pull arm back-extension, hyperextension, bc of outward pulling effect, outward pulling rotation. Superior compartment-above shoulder joint, ABDUCTION, elevation is reserved for shoulder girdle. Pulls up INFERIOR- long head of tri brachi, lat dorsi, opposite to anterior, except theres extension- exten, adduction, inward rotation. WHAT MOVEMENT IS (ADDUCTION) , MUSCLES PULL, MUSCLES HAVE TO BE SUPERIOR, SUPERIOR COMPARTMENT- MUSCLES OF THAT COMPARTMENT, DELTOID/SUPRASPINATUS. This is movement, what compartments produce this movement, what muscles are in that compartment. -TYPE OF JOINT (Shoulder Joint-Ball and Socket) 13 movements, Movements possible? Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation-medial/lateral, what is movement produced? ID the muscles that do it. -Bench Press, pushing weight away from body, flexion, anterior, muscles: pec major, coracobrachialis, subscapularis, biceps brachii. -Cable System- pulley, extension, posterior muscles, infraspinatus, LATS are biggest. Muscle mass translates to strength. Develop lats, posterior/inferior compartments. If your systematic it flows.

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