Self-Medication: the Treatment of Cancer with Phenergan [promethazine] and Calcium
Robert Jones MA PhD
Introduction The cancer therapy set out here aims to destroy both primary and secondary (metastatic)
growths in two stages; first, by bringing about extensive tumour destruction over a period
of a few hours, and then by a process of attrition. This new approach marks a revolution in
cancer treatment. In marked contrast with conventional treatments the procedure is highly
selective. These are early pioneering days; not all cancers have been found to be sensitive.
The present text is to be regarded as a simple prototype, in the same light as the primitive
earliest cameras, motor cars or aeroplanes. Patients are asked to be realistic and not to
allow hopes to rise too high. Although a great deal of experience has been incorporated into
the advice, there is still room for improvement.
Individuals struck down with the disease understandably respond with resentment,
sometimes anger, at the injustice of their dreadful predicaments. As if the initial diagnosis is
not bad enough, to be told, perhaps abruptly, that a treatment has been unsuccessful is a
worse experience that may be lurking in store. Cancer patients deserve respect and dignity;
the intention is to provide a chance of physical healing, to spare further anguish, to extend
survival, and to improve quality of life.
There may be a positive response; there may not. No guarantee of a successful outcome
can be given. Sincere apologies are made to patients whose malignancies may fail to
respond. On several occasions it has happened that improvement in terms of tumour
regression has been followed by relapse. Patients should be alert to this scenario and be
prepared for the worst. In these instances only a single cancer cell needs to have
undergone mutation (see [6] below). The tumour will then consist of both sensitive and
insensitive cells; after the therapy has killed the sensitive cells off, the insensitive cells gain
the upper hand. The best hope then would be surgery, but if resistant cells have already
Certain drugs can cause injury to tumours by interfering with energy production. Some
belong to the large group known as phenothiazines, many of which have been in use for
over sixty years. Their diverse uses include the treatment of schizophrenia, nausea and
pain. The active principle in this form of cancer therapy is the phenothiazine Phenergan
(promethazine), currently used as an anti-histaminic, as a paediatric sedative, and to quell
travel sickness. Phenergan has also been used as an anti-emetic in patients undergoing
conventional chemotherapy, but, unlike chlorpromazine (Largactil) which has been reported
to be active against cancers, is not recommended for chronic administration. The fact that
its anti-cancer potential has managed to escape detection for so long is attributed to
ineffectiveness when given on an intermittent basis. Its effects on the central nervous
system are less marked than those of most other phenothiazines, which is considered an
The first doctor to administer Phenergan to cancer patients was an Egyptian diabetologist,
the late Dr Riad Mahmud. This document relies heavily on his experience. Cancer is a
serious disease, and its treatment needs to be taken seriously. The apparently innocuous
nature of the agents used is fortuitous, and should not encourage a superficial attitude to
the therapy. Rigid adherence to a specific schedule over a substantial length of time is vital.
The selectivity of the procedure allows a patient to go about his or her business almost
entirely as normal while sustaining the full force of the therapy. Almost; patients need to
adapt to the new situation. Strain and over-exertion should be avoided. There are no hidden
The original self-medication procedure was posted on the web in February 1996, and was
included in the book How We Controlled our Cancers (Wesprint Holdings, 2001), made
available in every lending library in Australasia by the authoress, Jill Royce. Over the years
various organisations interested in providing patients with sensible non-orthodox help began
to display the methodology; there is little doubt that numbers of patients have benefitted.
From the beginning of 2008 new developments have followed on from the pioneering work
of Dr Mahmud. He gave Phenergan, calcium and papaverine in sequence by intravenous
injection, procedures not available to the self-medicating patient. In the wrong place
calcium can be exceedingly toxic to malignant and non-malignant tissues alike; not
surprisingly its metabolism is tightly regulated. In view of such regulation it was not
considered likely that oral calcium could intensify tumour destruction, but very recently this
assumption has appeared incorrect. The protocol has been modified accordingly with a view
to increasing cell kill and shortening the period of treatment. However, potential drawbacks
have on occasion discouraged patients from proceeding. The situation in cancer therapy
with Phenergan is now clarified. Both the original and the new procedure are presented
here; the information provided below places patients and their relatives in a better position
To date the question of safety has not been an issue, but Phenergan treatment with calcium
can cause slight tumour enlargement which may initially cause problems, especially if the
disease has reached an advanced stage. For example, in a patient with obstructive
carcinoma of the oesophagus swallowing became more difficult on the following day but
gradually returned to normal during the following weeks. In instances where growths
obstruct natural functions difficulty may be encountered. In these circumstances the original
schedule (Procedure I. Phenergan alone; see below) would be preferable.
Side Effects
When Phenergan is taken without calcium, the side effects are confined almost entirely to a
drowsiness which wears off over the course of a few days. When Phenergan is combined
with calcium, patients tend to feel very sleepy after an hour or so, and may need to be
woken up to complete the treatment. Sensations of nausea are uncommon, and can be
suppressed by drinking. Restlessness of arms and legs, described by one patient as
`twitching', on the first day is interpreted as a response to destruction of malignant tissue.
Fatigue and soreness can occur, and may persist for a day or two more. In sharp contrast a
subject who was free of cancer noticed only a slight drowsiness at 8-10hr. For those with
experience of the fiercer forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy the differences will be
welcome. No instances of pain resulting from the therapy have been reported, but
paracetamol would be a suitable analgesic.
On the whole patients do not find the experiences unpleasant. Sedation after commencing
Phenergan normally lasts no more than a week, but may persist in a few cases. In these
instances the dosage can be halved, with a 10mg tablet every 8 hours and an extra 10mg
at night, making a total of 40mg. Driving a car and using machinery or sharp tools are not
Few patients experience difficulty with Phenergan therapy, but there has been one
complaint of dry mouth. Chronic treatment is well tolerated. One patient maintained herself
on the full schedule for over four years; another, who has kept on since 1998, experienced
a modest gain in weight. The only patient who found the therapy insupportable responded
to every medication in the same manner. The very small chances that jaundice may
develop within a few days, or that the white cell count may fall (leucopenia or
agranulocytosis) after 4-6 weeks, cannot be ruled out. The former can be recognised by a
yellowing of the features, the latter by sore throat. Thrombocytopenia (fall in platelet count)
is again highly unlikely, and may be indicated by unexplained cuts bleeding for longer than
usual, or bruising. Alternatively the condition may be caused by an excessive intake of
polyunsaturated fatty acids; medical assistance should be sought. To date none of these
Logically the next step is to put the therapy to the test in the form of a clinical trial.
Informed research could be expected rapidly to bring about improvements, such as
shortening the period of treatment and extending the range of sensitive tumours. Despite
the impressive weight of supportive scientific evidence (eg, see Notes on the Treatment of Cancer with Low-Dose Phenothiazines with Special Reference to Promethazine on the
website of the Cancer Support Association of Western Australia, (research section:
www.cancersupportwa.org.au/research2.php Username; robert: password; australia),
numerous appeals over a number of years and the urgency of the situation, no cancer
charity, research council or pharmaceutical company has agreed to act. Patent cover for
Phenergan has long since run out; in consequence the costs of development are too great
and the returns too small to attract commercial interest. As a general point, although this
treatment is not advanced as a substitute for surgical debulking, Phenergan does seem to
be able to reach those parts that the scalpel cannot.
Contra-Indications
Cancer patients are unlikely to benefit if:
1. Steroids are being administered in high doses. This form of interference with
anti-cancer activity is unstable, and therapy with Phenergan can be commenced
2. There has been brief or intermittent exposure after the onset of disease to
phenothiazines or to certain chemically-related drugs possessing similar anti-
3. Analgesics classified as non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin, ibuprofen,
diclofenac, etc) are being taken. Here the advice is to wait for a week before
Serious pain calls for professional attention. Paracetamol, temporarily and in
moderation, is suitable; so are opiates (for example, morphine given on
prescription). Provided the pain is not too severe, a TENS (transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation) device can provide limited measures of relief.
4. The patient is deficient in essential fatty acids. This is an uncommon condition of
which scaly skin, especially on the backs of the hands, can be an indicator.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids are micro-nutrients and are required for normal
health. Acids participating in the process of tumour destruction still await
5. There is dietary supplementation with vitamin E. The question of vitamin E calls
for special mention. Most diets already contain amounts adequate for a healthy
life style. For individuals free from cancer dietary supplementation (50-100iu
daily) is beneficial, offering protection against coronary heart disease.
Unfortunately the same beneficial properties are exploited by cancerous growths,
which accumulate vitamin E as a protection against pharmacological attack.
Some dietary schedules drawn up for cancer patients include substantial
amounts of vitamin E. The wisdom of these recommendations is questioned.
While it is known that vitamin E protects against the development of cancer,
there is nothing to suggest any benefit is to be gained once malignant disease is
established. Indeed, several patients on vitamin E supplements (400-1200iu
daily) failed to respond to Phenergan. Current advice is therefore to stop
supplementation immediately and to wait 7-10 days. Likewise, selenium
supplementation above the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) is not
6. Multi-drug resistance can arise during radiotherapy, from treatment with certain
cytotoxic drugs, or spontaneously. It is not generally recognised that a mutation
in a cancerous cell may result in partial or complete disablement of the cytotoxic
mechanism. Clones of these mutant cells are generally insensitive to therapy.
Preliminary data suggest that patients who have not been exposed to
radiotherapy have a better chance both of responding positively and also of
7. The disease is prostatic cancer, melanoma or mesothelioma. At the present time
it is not known whether these early findings reflect the presence of an intrinsic
mechanism of resistance in these particular tumours or whether some other
cause was responsible for failure. The idea that a high glucose content might
offer tumours a measure of protection is considered feasible.
Patients with certain brain tumours (astrocytomas) have benefitted from prolonged survival,
but the chances of full recovery would appear to be remote. Anafranil (clomipramine) may
be a more suitable drug in such instances, but is available only on prescription. Patients are
advised to search the web for advice (Google; enter the words: brain cancer clomipramine).
Practical Steps - Self-Medication Procedures Pre-Treatment
1. First, polyunsaturated fatty acids (the so-called omega-3 fatty acids) of fish
origin are needed. Flax oil may also be taken. The purpose of the
polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement is to provide cancerous cells with the
means to assist in bringing about their self-destruction. Patients should aim at a
minimum of a gram daily; more is advisable, but the intake can be cut back if
bowel looseness is experienced. Should it be noticed that bleeding, say, from a
cut or injury, lasts for longer than usual, the supplement may need to be
stopped for a few days and the amount halved on resumption. Medical
2. Second, patients are advised to take 250mg each of inositol and choline daily.
These naturally-occurring substances are available from health stores. Inositol
hexaphosphate (IP6), which contains only 23% inositol and has the disadvantage
of forming insoluble precipitates with calcium within the bowel, is not
3. Third, certain micro-nutrients are recommended with the intention of protecting
the white cells of the blood against rare side-effects (blood dyscrasias). A multi-
vitamin/mineral preparation containing the RDAs of copper (2.5mg), manganese
(4mg), zinc (15mg) and selenium (50mcg, or 0.05mg) is advised. Minor
deviations from these amounts, which should be taken daily, are unimportant.
Vitamin supplements in excess of RDA values, especially vitamin C (RDA 60mg)
and vitamin E (RDA 10-15 international units), must be avoided as far as
possible. If the patient has been on supplementary vitamin E, intake should be
terminated immediately and treatment delayed for ten days. Because the
intention is selectively to induce peroxidation within cancerous cells, anti-oxidant
preparations, especially those of Chinese origin, should also be avoided. The
supplements need to be continued for the entire duration of the therapy.
4. Before commencing, patients should preferably consume at least 3g of omega-
polyunsaturated fatty acids daily together with the recommended supplements
Where circumstances are pressing there may be no time for pretreatment, and Phenergan
therapy together with the supplements should be inaugurated immediately.
Procedure I. Phenergan alone
Treatment is initiated by taking Phenergan as a 50mg dose one evening at retiring. On the
next day a total of 3x25mg needs to be taken every eight hours in divided doses of 25mg
(7am, 3pm, 11pm are suitable times) and thereafter for as long as necessary (see below).
Procedure II. Phenergan with Calcium
The first day of therapy should be designated free of activity. Most of the side effects will be
experienced on this day; two further days of rest should be planned. Patients cannot be
expected to follow the instructions by themselves. It is essential to have a partner or close friend present at all times on the first day for ensuring the therapy is complete.
The first day of treatment is unique. Meals should be light and carbohydrate-free.
Omelettes, vegetables, bran preparations and sugar-free fruit such as grapefruit are all
suitable. Apart from alcohol there are no fluid restrictions; drinking is to be encouraged.
Tea, coffee and fruit juices should contain no sugar. For convenience treatment may be
commenced at 9am. The schedule is as follows:
1hr: 800-1200mg soluble calcium in 100-150ml (4-6fl.oz.) water.
2hr: 400-600mg soluble calcium in 100-150ml water.
12-14hr (the exact time is not important): 25mg Phenergan.
The total amount of calcium is 2.4-3.6g over a period of 9hr. The precise amounts are not
On the following day it is necessary to continue thereafter as in Procedure I with 25mg
Phenergan every eight hours (7am, 3pm, 11pm are suitable times). In addition calcium,
200-300mg once daily, may also be taken in the evening. During the first day it is
anticipated that products of tumour destruction will be excreted in the urine. Patients with
close hospital connections might be able to commission measurements of metabolite
excretion, especially of uric acid and urea.
Procedures I and II.
Success depends on consistently maintaining destructive pharmacological pressure against
the cancer over an appropriate length of time. The protocols need to be continued beyond
the apparent disappearance of disease. At present this period is arbitrarily put at six
months, but should be extended if any doubt exists over the elimination of disease. The
reasons are discussed below (see Duration of Treatment and Outcome). Efforts should
be made to keep to the eight-hour timing between Phenergan doses. An hour or so either
way is not critical, but if a dose happens to have been missed, it should be taken
immediately. Even if the treatment fails to halt the progress of disease, Phenergan can
enhance quality of life and extend survival. In other words, the therapy places the patient in
In most countries Phenergan can be freely purchased in the form of 10mg and 25mg
tablets; other phenothiazines are available only on prescription. Formulations in which the
drug is provided in conjunction with other drugs are not recommended.
The availability of Phenergan varies from country to country; for example, in Canada the product has been withdrawn, and in the United States is available only on prescription. Patients should be extremely cautious and make absolutely sure they are receiving promethazine. Adulterated or counterfeit products sold on the internet should be scrupulously avoided. In view of the serious consequences of premature discontinuation, if a
marked improvement is maintained after a few weeks patients would be well advised to
purchase sufficient Phenergan to last for two or three months in case procurement becomes
Soluble calcium is widely available as tablets in a variety of preparations, many of which are
effervescent; for example, 250mg, 400mg (UK; Sandocal), 600mg (Caltrate), 1000mg
(Sandocal) or 1200mg (Calsource). Tablets of 1000-1200mg require to be snapped in two.
To ensure solution, water (100-150ml) should be added 15-20 minutes beforehand.
Response to Therapy
A general improvement in terms of weight gain, improved sleep, restored appetite and
general well-being should be perceptible at least by the end of the first week. Lessening of
pain is an encouraging sign, but where there is involvement of bone several weeks may
pass before relief is noticed. A record of body weight should be kept. The advice on offer is
gentle and humane; for those with experience of the fiercer forms of chemotherapy and
radiotherapy the difference will come as a welcome surprise. Patients suffering from
radiation-induced injury may find that Phenergan provides some measure of relief.
Peripheral neuritis in a case of post-mastectomy radiation cleared up after several months.
Scientific Basis
The treatment is the result of a long investigation standing fully in the tradition of applied
medical research. Novel and unconventional, several unusual features are included.
Phenothiazines active against cancer trigger a cytotoxic mechanism (necrosis) within the
cancer cell itself. The continual state of partial disablement of the power-houses
(mitochondria) that supply the malignant cell with much of its requirement for chemical
energy marks the organelles out as the Achilles heel of malignant growth, and enables a
new chemotherapeutic target to be selected. In other words, rather than imposing an
artificial form of death upon the cell, an approach which has commonly been unsuccessful, a
The disruption of energy metabolism within malignant cells caused by Phenergan is
expected to weaken defences sufficiently to allow calcium to enter and wreak serious
damage. Much of the theory can be found in Notes on the Treatment., above. Phenergan
selectively causes disruption of energy metabolism in the mitochondria of cancerous cells.
Mitochondria are subcellular particles which in normal cells produce some 95% of the
energy required for cellular maintenance. Calcium has the same overall effect as Phenergan,
but with these differences; the damaging action is both more direct and more effective. On
the first day of Procedure II the major burden of tumour destruction falls on calcium.
Glucose facilitates cellular recovery; prolonged exposure to calcium is anticipated to deplete
the sugar in the tumour mass, thereby further endangering tumour viability. Unpublished
experimental findings would indicate, however, that lowering the blood glucose does not
Duration of Treatment and Outcome
The therapy works slowly; just how long is necessary to keep taking Phenergan will depend,
among other factors, on tumour type, the extent of disease at the commencement of
treatment and on the state of nutrition. With Procedure I it may be necessary to stay with
Phenergan for two years or more, especially where there are secondary deposits in the
The earlier the presentation, the better. Whether a favourable outcome ensues or not
depends in part on the medical history of the patient. Other factors influencing the outcome
have been discussed above. On the basis of current experience with a total of about fifty
patients, the chances of remission are under half; of improvement in the quality of life and
extension of survival, about two-thirds. What is certain is that unless the therapy is started,
it has absolutely no chance of succeeding.
No matter how hopeless the situation may appear, some positive outcome from Phenergan
is not necessarily out of the question. Phenergan treatment should not be prematurely discontinued without good reason. Poor compliance has been responsible for failure on several occasions. Of those who decided to abandon the therapy prematurely, none survived. If treatment is interrupted before the growth is wholly eradicated, residual tumour cells acquire resistance and Phenergan will be found to have no anti-tumour effect second time round. No reason is known for
this peculiar behaviour, and no means of resensitisation is known at the present time. The
Effects on the disease can be monitored by any means available. Even a dressmaker's tape
measure and a little native wit can provide useful information. The results from marker
levels and scans should be interpreted with care. If therapy is commenced between
measurements, it should be borne in mind that shrinkage due to Phenergan may be offset
by tumour growth prior to commencement of therapy. A similar argument applies to tumour
markers, where a decrease may be partly cancelled out by a previous increase. The
temptation to delay in order to make comparisons between the effects of different
treatments may appear attractive but should be resisted.
Very reasonably, most patients ask whether their particular form of disease is likely to
respond to the self-medication procedure described here. The therapy takes advantage of a
mitochondrial weakness common to all malignant tissues so far examined. For this reason
then, all cancers should be amenable to treatment, but not all are so. As mentioned above,
a high glucose content may provide protection. Forms of the disease which have displayed
sensitivity to the earlier oral procedure include non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer and a
chordoma; instances of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and cancer of the oesophagus, all
with secondary spread, also responded. Malignancies found to be insensitive are listed in [7]
It might be added that it is not considered likely that there will ever be a "cure" for cancer
in a journalistic sense. What is sure is that until the principle of destroying cancer by
disrupting energy metabolism within malignant cells is accepted by the scientific
establishment, the merciless toll will continue. Without properly directed research the
problems identified here will not be overcome.
Precautions
A leaflet is provided with the Phenergan packet; the instructions should be read and, apart
from discontinuation, followed. Alcohol does not interfere with the anti-cancer action, but
abstinence is advised by the manufacturer. Exposure to ultraviolet light and sunlight,
especially sunbathing, are to be avoided as far as possible. The group of drugs known as
monoamine oxidase inhibitors must not be taken in conjunction with Phenergan.
There appears to be danger from viral infection. At the time of commencing therapy with
Phenergan there were thirteen `hotspots' in the bones of a patient with metastatic breast
cancer. Two years later these were no longer active. An attack of influenza was then
followed by drug-resistant resurgence at new sites; she survived for seventeen months.
This single case would suggest that contact with acute viral infection should be avoided.
Relationship of the Patient with the Doctor and Cancer Specialist The help and support of medical advisers is valuable and must at all costs be respected, enlisted, and retained. Being secretive is discourteous; keeping your
oncologist fully informed is essential. Accurate reports of progress need to be requested.
Tumour regression is always welcome, but even if the news is not good, abandoning the
therapy should be considered most carefully.
A diagnosis of cancer calls for an unusual measure of bravery. The patient who manages
best is sufficiently courageous to face the future with equanimity. Doctors are sometimes
reluctant to spell out the gravity of a prognosis. Patients may be left with a false sense of
optimism, and for that reason prefer an option that disguises a poorer chance of survival.
The prognosis with conventional treatment should nonetheless be requested.
If attempts are made to dissuade, it may be asked what the dangers of the treatment with
Phenergan are perceived to be. Reassurance is likely to be given that the risks are small.
Uniquely for an alternative treatment, this is a procedure with a firm scientific base.
Reference can be made to "Successful Cancer Therapy with Promethazine: the Rationale,"
published in Medical Hypotheses46, 25-29 (1996). Further evidence can be found in Notes on the Treatment of Cancer with Low-Dose Phenothiazines. (see website above). The site
includes a list of the author's publications on the theme of cancer destruction through
Orthodox Treatment and Self-Medication
In England doctors make great efforts to sustain hopes of remission, and are the
beneficiaries of measures of deep faith from their patients. Optimism is seen as a useful
adjunct to recovery. An understandable reluctance exists to tell a patient that a condition is
incurable, a shattering experience for which few are prepared. A dangerous sense of false
security may be engendered by a favourable report of tumour shrinkage; difficulty is
experienced in accepting the reality of subsequent relapse. Self-delusion is dangerous.
Patients have turned down the advice offered here because they were unaware of the
gravity of their situations; a surprisingly common response has been to ignore the advice.
In some instances there may be less time for deceptive sympathy, and the message
appears blunt and uncompromising. In Australia patients are often told there is no hope of
recovery. It is not generally known that remissions from conventional treatment are not
always permanent, nor that once secondary growths become established the chances of
recovery with orthodox treatment are poor. On the other hand, if a cancerous cell sensitive
to Phenergan migrates and establishes itself elsewhere in the body as a secondary growth,
there is no reason why its genetically-determined properties should undergo change as a
consequence of the move. Available experience supports the idea that when a primary
growth is sensitive to Phenergan, its secondaries can be expected to respond.
Alternative Approaches
Modern medicine is often miraculous. Antibiotics, transplants, open-heart surgery, joint
replacements come to mind. Unhappily the conventional treatment of cancer has not kept
pace with other advances in health care. The failure of orthodoxy opens the door to the glib
operator anxious to line his or her pockets dishonestly at the expense of the desperate.
Critics of alternative treatments are right to point out that methodology is rarely divulged
and that claims of success are never substantiated. In stark contrast scientific evidence in
support of the use of Phenergan in cancer is in the public domain (for references, see
Relationship of the Patient., above).
Some patients have expressed a wish to conduct different alternative treatments in tandem
with Phenergan. This has on occasion led to disaster. Because their impact on the anti-
cancer action of Phenergan is speculative, uncertain and unpredictable, other treatments
classed as alternative should emphatically not be run simultaneously.
There is a belief that the treatment of cancer with phenothiazines amounts to alternative
medicine, fringe medicine. Nothing could be farther from the truth. Sometimes one can
sympathise with the opposition of doctors to complementary practices, especially when
patients and their families are sometimes charged formidable sums for worthless advice
and/or nostrums. The more expensive a treatment or preparation is, the greater the need for scepticism. Some complementarists are honest enough to admit that all they can offer is
palliation, but understandably patients and their families expect more and are often
unwilling, unable even, to accept reality.
Here the situation is totally different. Your doctor is unlikely to have heard of the therapy;
scepticism can therefore be expected. In this situation the only question one can reasonably
expect to have answered is whether or not harm is likely to ensue. Phenergan was
introduced into medical practice in 1947; most unusually for a drug, especially for orthodox
cancer treatments, the only reported fatalities were infants, for whom the drug was never
In this materialistic age there is a general feeling that everything must have its price. In
stark contrast with private clinics and a majority of purveyors of alternatives, no fee has
ever been charged. Patients are expected to meet the modest costs (currently about £3-£4
a week in the UK) of their treatment. Some have mistakenly concluded that advice costing
nothing must by definition be worthless. They have later found themselves to have taken an
Publicity
The continuing failure to convince the cancer establishment that this line of enquiry needs
to be pursued has been intensely disappointing. If a return to normal life does come about,
patients are requested to pass the advice on to fellow sufferers by all manner of means:
word of mouth, especially within support groups, letters to newspapers and medical
correspondents, calls to radio and television stations. If you have been lucky, is there not an
obligation to help others? And why not let me know too?
If, after reading the above, uncertainty persists, the question remains: is this a chance
worth taking? Experience has shown that when a point of no return is reached, little more
can be done. However, benefit in terms of improved quality of life and extension of survival
is not necessarily out of the question. Now is the time to decide whether or not to go
ahead, and if so, to make plans this very moment.
What is certain is that the sooner the treatment begins, or, put another way, the smaller
the tumour burden is, the quicker the patient may become cancer-free. Delay confers no
advantage whatsoever. The big error that patients commonly make is to believe that time is
on their side and to adopt a wait-and-see attitude. Nothing could be more mistaken.
Time is never on the side of the cancer patient. The overriding aim must be, as a matter of
pressing urgency, to begin to get well as soon as possible.
Researchers wanted to measure the effect of alcohol on the development of the hipppocampal region inadolescents. The hippocampus is th portion of the brain responsible for long-term memory storage. Theresearchers randomly selected 12 adolescents with alcohol use disorders. They wanted to test the claim thehippocampal volumes in the alcoholic adolescents were less than the normal volume of 9.02 c