10 Literatur
[1] Hiramoto Y.: Evalution of cytomechanical properties. In: Cytomechanics. Berei-
ter-Hahn J., Anderson O.R., Reif W.-E., S. 31-45, Springer Verlag, 1987.
[2] Engelhardt H., Gaub H., Sackmann E.: Viscoelastic properties of erythrocyte
membranes in high-frequency electric fields. Nature Vol. 307 , S. 378-380, 1984.
[3] Chien S., Schmid-Schönbein G.W., Sung K.-L. P., Schmalzer E.A.: Viscoelastic
propertiese of leukocytes. In: White cell mechanics. Meiselmann J., Lichtmann A., LaCelle P. (eds), S. 19-51, Liss Verlag, 1984.
[4] Theuer E., Theuer H.: Schwingungsanalyse maligner und gesunder Zellen. Deut-
sche Zeitschrift für Onkologie, S. 127-129, 1993.
[5] Fry F. J.: Biological effects of ultrasound - a review. Proceed. of the IEEE, Vol.
[6] Theuer E., Theuer H.: Selektive, schwingungsinduzierte Zerstörung maligner Zel-
len. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie. S 120-122, 1994.
[7] Janmey P.A., Eureneuer U., Traub P., Schliwa M.: Viscoelastic properties of
vimentin compared with other filamentous biopolymer networks. The Journal of Cell Biology, Vol. 113, 1991.
[8] Duwe H.P., Käs J., Sackmann E.: Bending elastic moduli of lipid bilayers. J.
[9] Berndl K., Käs J., Lipowsky R., Sackmann E., Seifert U.: Shape transformations
of giant vesicles. Europhys. Lett., 13 (7), S. 659-664, 1990.
[10] Käs J., Sackmann E.: Shape transitions and shape stability of giant phospholipid
vesicles in pure water induced by area-to-volume changes. Biophys. J., 60, S. 825-844, 1991.
[11] Kaufmann S., Käs J., Goldmann W.H., Sackmann E., Isenberg G.: Talin anchors
and nucleates actin filaments at lipid membranes - a direct demonstration, FEBS, 314 (2), S. 203-205. 1992.
[12] Alberts B., Bray D., Lewis J., Raff M.: Molekularbiologie der Zelle, VCH Verlag,
[13] Käs J., Strey H., Bärmann M., Sackmann E.: Direct measurement of the wave-
vector-dependent bending stiffness of freely flickering actin filaments. Europhys. Lett., 21 (8), S. 865-870, 1993.
[14] MacKintosh F.C., Käs J., Janmey P.A.: Elasticity of semiflexible biopolymer
networks. Phys. Rev. Lett., 75 (24), S. 4425-4428, 1995.
[15] Leterrier J.F., Käs J., Hartwig J., Vegners R., Janmey P.A.: Mechanical effects of
neurofilament cross-bridges. J. Biol. Chem, 271, S. 15687-15694, 1996.
[16] Käs J., Strey H., Sackmann E.: Direct visualization of reptation for semiflexible
actin filaments. Nature, 368, S 226-229, 1994.
[17] .Janmey P.A, Hvidt S., Käs J., Lerche D., Maggs A., Sackmann E., Schliwa M.,
Stossel T.P.: The mechanical properties of actin gels. J. Bio. Chem., 269, S. 32503-32513, 1994.
[18] Käs J., Sackmann E., Podgornik R., Svetina S., Zeks B.: Thermally induced bud-
ding of phospholipid vesicles - a discontinuous process. J. Phys.II France, 3, S. 631-645, 1993.
[19] Janmey P.A., Käs J.: Viscoelastic properties of F-actin, microtubules, and inter-
mediate filaments, the major biopolymers of the cytoskeleton. Proc. Nordic Rheo-logy Soc., 2, S. 8-11, 1994.
[20] Döbereiner H.-G., Käs J., Noppl D., Sprenger I., Sackmann E.: Budding and fis-
sion of vesicles. Biophys. J., 65, S. 1396-1403, 1993.
[21] Sackmann E., Käs J., Rädler J.: On shape transformations and shape fluctuations
of cellular compartments. Physica Scripta, 49, S. 111-118, 1993.
[22] MacKintosh F.C., Käs J., Janmey P.A.: Recent advances in the understanding of
elasticity of biopolymer networks. Trends in Polymer Science, in press, 1997.
[23] Sackmann E., Käs J., Strey H.: The observation of polymer reptation, Adv. Ma-
[24] Käs J.: Polymerdynamik einzelner Makromoleküle, Chemie in unserer Zeit, 4, S.
[25] Käs J., Strey H., Tang J.X., Finger D., Ezzell R., Sackmann E., Janmey P.A.: F-
actin, a model polymer for semiflexible chains in dilute, semidilute and liquid crystalline solutions. Biophys. J., 70, S. 609 - 625, 1996.
[26] Sheils C.A., Käs J., Travassos W., Allen P.G., Janmey P.A., Wohl M.E., Stossel
T.P.: Actin mediates DNA fiber formation in chronic inflammatory airway disea-se and in vitro, and actin depolymerization dissolves DNA bundles. Americ. J. Pathol., 148, S. 20 -28, 1996.
[27] Xu J., Schwarz W.H., Käs J., Janmey P.A., Pollard T.D.: The mechanical proper-
ties of F-actin depend on the preparation and storage of G-actin. Biophys. J., submitted 1997.
[28] Käs J., Laham L.E., Shah J., Finger D.K., Hartwig J., Kroy K., Frey E., MacKin-
tosh F., Janmey P.A.: ATP and divalent cations modulate mechanical stability of actin networks by changing filament stiffness. Nature, submitted 1997.
[29] Erbar P.: Onkologie – Einführung in die Pathophysiologie, Klinik und Therapie
[30] Berndl K., Käs J., Lipowsky R., Sackmann E., Seifert U.: Vesicle shapes and
shape transformations: a systematic study. In: Biologically inspired physics. Peliti L. (eds), Plenum Press, S. 95-111, 1991.
[31] Bärmann M., Käs J., Kurzmeier H., Sackmann E.: A new cell model - actin net-
works encaged by giant vesicles. In: The structure and conformation of amphiphi-lic membranes. Lipowsky R., Richter D. und Kremer K. (eds), Springer Verlag, S. 154-158, 1991.
[32] Käs J., Guck J., Humphrey D.: Dynamics of single protein polymers visualized by
fluorescence microscopy. In: Modern optics, electronics and high precision tech-niques in cell biology. Isenberg G. (eds), Springer Verlag, in press, 1997.
[33] Goldmann W.H., Käs J., Isenberg G.: Talin decreases the bending elasticity of ac-
tin filaments. Biochemical Society Transactions, 22(1), S. 46-47, 1994.
[34] Käs J., Strey H., Janmey P.A., Sackmann E.: Reptation dynamics of single semi-
flexible actin filaments in entangled actin solutions. Biophys. J., 66(2), A195 , 1994.
[35] Käs J., Laham L.E., Finger D.K., Janmey P.A.: Solution ATP affects the bending
elasticity of actin filaments implying a low affinity ATP-binding site on F-actin. Mol. Biol. Cell, 5, 157a, 1994.
[36] Tang J.X., Käs J., Janmey P.A.: Isotropic-nematic transition of F-actin: a coherent
picture from polarization microscopy, rheology, confocal microscopy and e-lectronmicroscopy. Biophys. J., 68, A247, 1995.
[37] Allen P.G., Shuster C.B., Käs J., Janmey P.A., Li R., Chaponnier C., Herman
I.M.: Characterization of biochemical differences among actin isoforms. Mol. Bi-ol. Cell, 6, 19a, 1995.
[38] Käs J., Strey H., Tang J.X., Finger D., Ezzell R., Sackmann E., Janmey P.A.: Mo-
lecular motions of single actin filaments in dilute, semidilute and liquid crystalli-ne solutions. Biophys. J., 70, A14, 1996.
[39] MacKintosh F.C., Käs J., Janmey P.A.: Elasticity of semiflexible biopolymer
[40] Böhm J., MacKintosh F.C., Shah J.V., Laham L.E., Janmey P.A., Guck J., Hum-
phrey D., Käs J.: Molecular origin and control of F-actin viscoelasticity and its impact on cell shape and motility. Biophys. J., in press, 1997.
[41] McGee JM., Youmans R., Clingan F., Malnar K., Bellefeuille C., Berry B.: The
value of axillary dissection in T1a breast cancer. Am J Surg., 172(5 ) S. 501-519, 1996.
[42] Avril N.: Assessment of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients
with positron emission tomography using radiolabeled 2-(fluorine-18)-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. J Natl Cancer Inst. Sep, 1996.
[43] Diel IJ.: Micrometastatic breast cancer cells in bone marrow at primary surgery:
prognostic value in comparison with nodal status. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1996.
[44] Chadha M.: Is axillary dissection always indicated in invasive breast cancer? On-
[45] Noguchi S., et al.: Detection of breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph
nodes by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Comparison between MUC1 mRNA and keratin 19 mRNA amplification. Am J Pathol, 1996.
[46] Morishita Y., et al.: Clinicopathological characteristics of primary breast cancer
in older geriatric women: a study of 39 Japanese patients over 80 years old. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1997.
[47] Singh Y., et al.: Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by angiogenesis inhibi-
tor TNP-470 on breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 1997.
[48] Bellahcene A., et al.: Bone sialoprotein expression in primary human breast cancer
is associated with bone metastases development. J Bone Miner Res, 1996.
[49] Sauer T., et al.: nm23 protein expression in fine-needle aspirates from breast car-
cinoma: inverse correlation with cytologic grading, lymph node status, and ploi-dy. Cancer, 1998.
[50] Utech C.I., et al.: Prospective evaluation of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyclucose po-
sitron emission tomography in breast cancer for staging of the axilla related to surgery and immunocytochemistry. Eur J Nucl Med, 1996.
[51] Pirinen R., et al.: Prognostic value of epidermal growth factor expression in breast
[52] Teixeira M.R., et al.: Karyotypic comparisons of multiple tumorous and macros-
copically normal surrounding tissue samples from patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res, 1996.
[53] Straathof D., et al.: Fine-needle aspiration cytology of sarcomatoid carcinoma of
the breast: a cytologically overlooked neoplasm. Diagn Cytopathol, 1997.
[54] Bereiter-Hahn J.: Mechanical principles of architecture of eukayotic cells. In: Cy-
tomechanics. Bereiter-Hahn J., Anderson O.R., Reif W.-E., S. 3-30, Springer Ver-lag, 1987.
[55] Yu G.H., et al.: Tumor cell (dys)cohesion as a prognostic factor in aspirate smears
of breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol, 1998.
[56] Gordon A.: The increasing efficacy of breast cancer treatment. Clin Oncol 1997.
[57] Rostagno P., et al.: Detection of rare circulating breast cancer cells by filtration
cytometry and identification by DNA content: sensitivity in an experimental mo-del. Anticancer Res, 1997.
[58] Nakachi K., et al.: Influence of drinking green tea on breast cancer malignancy
among Japanese patients. Jpn J Cancer Res, 1998.
[59] Link H., et al.: Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells. II: Indications for
transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after myeloablative therapy. Med Klin, 1997.
[60] Mansi L., et al.: Diagnostic and prognostic role of 99mTc-Tetrofosmin in breast
[61] Andersen J.A., Bardi G.: Karyotypic comparisons of multiple tumorous and mac-
roscopically normal surrounding tissue samples from patients with breast cancer. Cancer Res ., S. 855, 1996.
[62] Yu G.H., De Frias D.V.: Tumor cell (dys)cohesion as a prognostic factor in aspira-
te smears of breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol . S. 315, 1998.
[63] Jänicke F., Römer W., Ziegler S., Weber W., Herz M., Nathrath W., Schwaiger
M.: Assessment of axillary lymph node involvement in breast cancer patients with positron emission tomography. J Natl Cancer Inst., S. 1204-9, 1996.
[64] Diel I.J., Holle R.: Micrometastatic breast cancer cells in bone marrow at primary
surgery: prognostic value in comparison with nodal status. J Natl Cancer Inst., S. 1652-8, 1996.
[65] Motomura K., Inaji H., Imaoka S., Koyama H.: Detection of breast cancer micro-
metastases in axillary lymph nodes by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Comparison between MUC1 mRNA and keratin19 mRNA ampli-fication. Am J Pathol., S. 649-56, 1996.
[66] Takei H., Iino Y., Horiguchi J., Maemura M.: Angiogenesis and stromal fibronec-
tin expression in invasive breast carcinoma. Int J Oncol., S. 517-23, 1998.
[67] Thompson E.W.: The invasive and metastatic properties of hormone-independent
but hormone-responsive variants of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Clin Exp
[68] Jan Thompson E.W.: The invasive and metastatic properties of hormone-
independent but hormone-responsive variants of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Clin Exp Metastasis, 1993.
[69] Yoneda T.: Inhibition of osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer by combined
treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase-2. Clin Invest, 1997.
[70] Tamura H.: Therapeutic efficacy of pamidronate in combination with chemothera-
py to bone metastasis of breast cancer in a rat model. Surg Oncol, 1996.
[71] Tamura H.: Therapeutic efficacy of pamidronate in combination with chemothera-
py to bone metastasis of breast cancer in a rat model Surg Oncol, 1996 Jun
[72] Glück S.: Autologous transplantation for patients with advanced breast cancer
with emphasis on bony metastasis. Can J Oncol, 1995.
[73] Narita T.: Corticosteroids and medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibit the induction
of E-selectin on the vascular endothelium by MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Res, 1995.
[74] Mahacek M.L.: Finite proliferative lifespan in vitro of a human breast cancer cell
strain isolated from a metastatic lymph node. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 1993.
[75] Kallioniemi O.P.: Association of c-erbB-2 protein over-expression with high rate
of cell proliferation, increased risk of visceral metastasis and poor long-term sur-vival in breast cancer. Int J Cancer, 1991.
[76] Tarin D.: Biological and clinical studies relevant to metastasis of breast cancer.
[77] Hettasch J.M.: Tissue transglutaminase expression in human breast cancer. Cancer
[78] Ronay G.: Lymph node metastasis of a squamous cell carcinoma as a manifesta-
tion of occult breast cancer. Pathologe, 1988.
[79] Grigorian M.: Effect of mts1 (S100A4) expression on the progression of human
breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer, 1996.
[80] Holst-Hansen C.: Urokinase-type plasminogen activation in three human breast
cancer cell lines correlates with their in vitro invasiveness. Clin Exp Metastasis, 1996.
[81] Rose D.P.: Dietary fatty acids and breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Nutr
[82] Rose D.P.: Effect of diets containing different levels of linoleic acid on human
breast cancer growth and lung metastasis in nude mice. Cancer Res, 1993.
[83] Nakshatri H.: Constitutive activation of NF-kappaB during progression of breast
cancer to hormone-independent growth. Mol Cell Biol, 1997.
[84] Bathe K.J.: Finite element procedures in engineering analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1982.
[85] Kurebayashi J.: Invasion-inhibiting factor 2-albumin conjugate inhibits invasion
and spontaneous metastasis of MKL-4 human breast cancer cells transplanted into female nude mice. Clin Exp Metastasis, 1996.
[86] Castronovo V.: Immunodetection of the metastasis-associated laminin receptor in
human breast cancer cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Am J Pathol, 1990.
[87] Yee C.: Degradation of endothelial basement membrane by human breast cancer
[88] Maemura M.: Are cellular adhesion molecules involved in the metastasis of breast
[89] Krüger M., Pesavento A., Ermert H., Hentsch A., Heuser L.: Dreidimensionale
Simulation und Optimierung der Ultraschall-Mammographie. Biomedizinische Technik (Ergänzungsband), 41: 176-177, 1996.
[90] Krueger M., Pesavento A., Ermert H.: A modified time-of-flight tomography con-
cept for ultrasonic breast imaging. Proc. IEEE-Ultrasonics Symposium, S. 1381-1385, 1996.
Business 2000 • Phase 1 Clinical Trials The Elan Story Here the drug is tested on human volunteers to confirm that theMedicinal drugs can be delivered in a number of different ways. Theydrug is safe to give to people. These trials can last for a year orElan Corporation plc is a phenomenal Irish success story. Today it ismay, for example, be delivered orally, injected into
Bilt-ekon organ inform zdrav 2010; (26)3: 1-5hUman enhanCement and health Care: some ethiCal issUes izBoljŠeVanje ^loVeKa in zdraVstVeno VarstVo: neKaj eti^nih VpraŠanj in motenj, hkrati pa lahko iste metode slu`ijo tudi za izbolj{evanje nekaterih lastnosti in zmo`nosti modern biotechnologies make treatment of diseases pri zdravih ljudeh. modafinil je npr. sredstvo za and disorders incr