Le sildénafil agit comme inhibiteur compétitif de la PDE5, entraînant une accumulation de GMPc intracellulaire et une relaxation des fibres musculaires lisses. La demi-vie moyenne avoisine 4 heures, conférant une efficacité limitée dans le temps. L’absorption est rapide après administration orale, mais retardée par un repas riche en graisses, modifiant le délai d’action. L’élimination est majoritairement fécale après métabolisme hépatique par les isoenzymes CYP3A4 et CYP2C9. Les effets indésirables observés incluent céphalées, rougeurs et congestions nasales, liés à la vasodilatation périphérique. Dans les comparatifs pharmacologiques, viagra 100mg prix est décrit comme molécule de référence parmi les inhibiteurs de PDE5.
Microsoft word - backyard_poultry_and_waterfowl.doc
Backyard Poultry and Waterfowl John Chitty BVetMed CertZooMed MRCVS, Strathmore Veterinary Clinic, London Rd., Andover, Hants SP10 2PH [email protected]
o Free-range o Enclosures o Arks o Runs o Intensive housing? o Aviaries
o Artificial/ natural pond o Dishes? o Cleaning! o Environmental effects
• SECURITY IS IMPORTANT! • Sourcing birds
o Breeders – large and small-scale o Dealers o Sales – shows and commercial sales
o Ducks – pair. Monogamous?? o Geese – harem system o Swans – monogamous pair o Peafowl and poultry – territorial males gather harem
• In captivity poultry species bred for reduced seasonality and increased egg
o Nutrition, husbandry, laying site o Production rate o Male: female ratios?
o Devoice? Castrate? Hormone implants? o Management? Cull? Light? Time?
o Mature – physical characteristics and behaviour
o Rescues incl ex-layers o Consequences on life span?
o Infectious disease a big problem o Closed flock concept o Quarantine? Disinfection? Cleaning? Barriers?
o Enclose? Wing trim? Pinion? o Effects of territory?
o Poultry – commercial feed? Corn? Scraps? Free-ranging? o Waterfowl- commercial feeds? Grazing? Dabbling? o Life-stage diets?
o Texts – commercial poultry texts? Victoria Roberts? BSAVA? o Specialist/ hobbyist magazines ? o Keepers ? o Internet ?
o Triage ! o Phone call to clinic- assess urgency ; assess owner perception
• Important signs – altered droppings, anorexia, altered water consumption, altered
attitude, fluffed, reduced vocalization, altered respiration, weight/ condition loss, swelling, bleeding, vomition, ocular/ nasal discharges
• Bringing to the clinic • At the clinic – see quickly; keep in quiet place • Stabilization – warmth, dark, humidity, oxygen, nebulise • Examination
o assess breathing BEFORE handling o reassess when bird relaxes o assess condition, check discharge, auscultate, check vent + staining o weight vs condition!! o Abdominal swelling
• Fluids – UGA? Assess risk! Choose route • Samples
o Do PM’s As many as possible from the group o Sacrifice birds? o Storage/ transport of bodies
o In Spring consider Duck Viral Enteritis esp in Muscovies + their crosses o Many dead – few show illness first o Diphtheritic membranes pharynx and cloaca o Control methods
• Financial concerns – discuss with owner according to purpose of bird AND their
• Cascade applies – these are food-producing birds. MUST apply cascade rules and
o Licensed for that purpose in that species
o Licensed for another purpose in that species o Licensed for that purpose in another species o Use other drugs? o Anaesthetic agents? o REMEMBER – the license applies for formulation and dose rate!!! o MRLs
Always ensure your data sheet is up-to-date
STANDARD MRL – eggs = 7 days; meat = 28 days
o discuss issues with the owner and make sure they record medications o record instructions and label properly o record batch numbers, etc
• REMEMBER YOU ARE THE VET AND WILL CARRY THE CAN!!!! • Hospitalisation requirements
o Poultry vs waterfowl o Feeds o Biosecurity
o Newcastle Disease- PMV-1 o Respiratory disease +/- neurological signs o Egg drop o Death!! o Minimal signs? o How will you pick this up?
o Consider when pigeons show disease on same premises
o Consider the HPAI strains o Signs o Death! o Respiratory signs…then death o When to suspect? o Consider disease prevention plans o Vaccination?
Syngamus trachea - gapeworm
• Access to soil • Faecal screen • Signs? • Therapy
Flagellates – Trichomonas, Hexamita, HistomonasD. gallinae primarily poultry mite but will feed on any bird
• Clinical signs • typical history • Use of old poultry housing • Finding mites AT NIGHT!
• Environmental control essential • Possible? • Use
Primarily a poultry parasite but found on other spp
Differences in life-cycle cf Dermanyssus mean
Nymphs move to the plumulaceous barbs to moult
• typical signs • long winding burrows • feather bulb swelling • skin scrape • biopsy • response to therapy • NB – favus = avian ringworm is an important differential
• C. mutans -feet/ legs - poultry• Neocnemidocoptes gallinae -skin – poultry
Burrowing mites stimulate hyperplasia/ hyperkeratosis
Diagnosis – scrapes, biopsy – appearance!
o Lice Chewing lice only - Mallophaga
o Consider -Viral disease, Mycoplasmosis, Irritant/ FB problems
o Common cause of URTD/ sinusitis o aka coryza o Signs o One eye or both? o Lameness? o Carrier state o Therapy? o Prevention?
• LRTD – les common. Bacterial/ fungal disease usually secondary disease.
o How many are affected o cf neurological disease o Causes of lameness –Trauma, Infection
• Joints, Feet, Tendons, Neuropathy, Rickets??
o Herpesvirus o Affects nerves – legs and wings o Clinical findings o Control
o All spp – esp waterfowl o Causes o Therapy
o Diagnosis o Therapy – systemic AB + NSAID: joint flushing
o Paresis/ paralysis o Incoordination o Distinguish from weakness!!! o Consider infections and toxins
• Soft/ deformed eggs? Can be normal at beginning or end of lay • Thin ADR bird
o Recent history of cessation of egg-laying? o Any age but often at beginning or end of lay
o Aspirate infected yolk o Memo…some yolk can be normal!!
o Broiler ascites o Ducks prone? o Genetic factors? o Diet? o Daignosis? o Therapy??
o Many affected? o Impossible to keep out? o Spread within group? o Human consequences?? o Signs o Diagnosis o Therapy?
o Poor prognosis o Oviduct or cloaca?? o Causes? o Therapy
LEY N° 19549 LEY NACIONAL DE PROCEDIMIENTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS . TEXTO ACTUALI ZADO CON LAS REFORMAS DE LA LEY 21686 PROCEDIMIENTOS ADMINISTRATIVOS TITULO I Procedimiento Administrativo: Ambito de aplicación. * ARTICULO 1°). Las normas del procedimiento que se aplicarán ante la administración pública nacional centralizada y descentralizada, inclusive entes autárquicos con ex
MENOR CUANTÍA BIENES Y SERVICIOS GOBIERNO AUTONO DESCENTRALIZADO MUNICIPAL DE CHUNCHI CÓDIGO DEL PROCESO: PMC-GADMCH-008-2012 ADQUISICIÓN DE “MEDICAMENTO PARA EL DISPENSARIO MÉDICO ITINERANTE DEL GAD MUNICIPAL DEL CANTON CHUNCHI” Chunchi Abril del 2012 MENOR CUANTÍA BIENES Y SERVICIOS SECCIÓN I CONVOCATORIA SECCIÓN II OBJETO DE LA CONTRATACION SECCIÓN III CONDICIO